Alimentação whole-food plant-based e saúde no contexto da medicina do estilo de vida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61661/BJLM.2023.v2.86Palavras-chave:
ciência da nutrição, dieta saudável, estilo de vida, saúde, promoção da saúdeResumo
A alimentação saudável, um dos pilares da medicina do estilo de vida (MEV), é fundamental para uma série de processos de saúde e doença, impactando de forma importante a qualidade de vida. Apesar da importância da alimentação para a prevenção e promoção da saúde, a formação e treinamento dos profissionais de saúde em geral para avaliar, interpretar e aconselhar estratégias relacionadas à alimentação saudável durante a prática clínica é escassa e insuficiente. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é sintetizar as principais recomendações baseadas em evidências sobre o pilar da alimentação no contexto da MEV, identificando as bases de um padrão de alimentação saudável Whole-Food Plant-Based (WFPB), ou seja, composta predominantemente por alimentos vegetais e integrais (in natura ou minimamente processados). Por meio de uma revisão de literatura, as evidências encontradas indicam que, apesar da falta de uma definição única e em comum sobre o que representa especificamente o padrão de alimentação WFPB, o consumo de seus principais grupos alimentares está associado a benefícios para a saúde, incluindo saúde cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2 e sobrepeso/obesidade. Além disso, os grupos alimentares predominantes na alimentação WPPB parecem ser o elo em comum de diferentes padrões alimentares saudáveis e de diretrizes e recomendações internacionais. Por fim, a alimentação WFPB, se bem planejada, parece ter boa adequação nutricional, com exceção da vitamina B12. Recomenda-se que profissionais de saúde em geral, e particularmente da MEV, se apropriem de tais conhecimentos baseados em evidências da área de alimentação e nutrição para melhores e mais efetivas orientações durante a prática clínica.
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