Transformando o cuidado das doenças crônicas: planos de acompanhamento longitudinal baseados em medicina do estilo de vida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61661/congresso.cbmev.9.2026.256Palavras-chave:
manejo de doenças crônicas, planos de acompanhamento, cuidado centrado na pessoa, mudança de comportamento, medicina do estilo de vidaResumo
Introdução: O aumento global das doenças crônicas evidencia tensões entre sistemas de saúde organizados em torno de cuidados agudos e episódicos e as necessidades longitudinais das pessoas que vivem com tais condições. Objetivo e metolodologia: Assim, esta revisão narrativa examinou a integração conceitual e operacional dos Planos de Acompanhamento com a Medicina do Estilo de Vida (MEV), utilizando evidências da literatura e cenários clínicos contrastantes para ilustrar as diferenças entre um cuidado episódico e uma abordagem longitudinal estruturada. Resultados: Propõe-se um modelo integrativo estruturado em ciclo contínuo de seis etapas, centrado na pessoa com condição crônica, articulado aos seis pilares da MEV e priorizáveis conforme necessidades e contexto: i) avaliação; ii) prioridades e metas compartilhadas; iii) plano de cuidado individualizado; iv) implementação e suporte; v) monitoramento e feedback; vi) reavaliação e adaptação. O ciclo é sustentado por eixos transversais: decisão compartilhada, suporte ao autogerenciamento, estratégias de mudança comportamental, coordenação interprofissional, suporte entre consultas e farmacoterapia quando indicada. Tal modelo associa-se potencialmente a melhorias nos desfechos de saúde, maior engajamento, e redução na utilização de serviços e de custos. Porém, impõem desafios de tempo, adesão, incentivos sistêmicos e capacitação profissional. Conclusão: Ao articular o ciclo de acompanhamento aos pilares da MEV e aos eixos transversais de suporte, o modelo proposto representa uma abordagem potencialmente de alto valor e centrada na pessoa, possibilitando uma perspectiva sistemática dos determinantes comportamentais das doenças crônicas. Contudo, os mesmos elementos que sustentam esse potencial — tempo, capacitação e coordenação — também explicam as limitações quanto à validação, efetividade, fidelidade de implementação, adaptação a diferentes sistemas de saúde, equidade e custo-efetividade. Avaliações prospectivas, pragmáticas e econômicas são necessárias antes de recomendar sua adoção em larga escala.
Referências
GBD 2023 Disease and Injury and Risk Factor Collaborators. Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet. 2025;406(10513):1873-1922. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01637-X
Freihat O, Sipos D, Aamir M, Kovacs A. Global burden and future projections of non-communicable diseases (2000–2050): Progress toward SDG 3.4 and disparities across regions and risk factors. PLoS One. 2025;20(12):e0336036. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336036
Colontoni, BA, Baras, EA, Blood, MRY, Huang, N. Estilo de vida ruim um novo diagnóstico sindrômico? B J Lifestyle Med. 2025;4. doi:10.61661/BJLM.2025.v4.161
de Ridder D, Geenen R, Kuijer R, van Middendorp H. Psychological adjustment to chronic disease. Lancet. 2008;372(9634):246-255. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61078-8
Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M. Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. Milbank Q. 1996;74(4):511-544.
Wagner EH. Organizing Care for Patients With Chronic Illness Revisited. Milbank Q. 2019;97(3):659-664. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12416
Holman HR. The Relation of the Chronic Disease Epidemic to the Health Care Crisis. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2020;2(3):167-173. doi:10.1002/acr2.11114
World Health Organization, ed. Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions: Building Blocks for Action: Global Report. World Health Organization; 2002.
Celletti F, Farrar J, De Regil L. World Health Organization Guideline on the Use and Indications of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Therapies for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults. JAMA. Published online December 1, 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.24288
WHO. Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions : Organizing and Delivering High Quality Care for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in the Americas. Accessed February 10, 2026. https://iris.paho.org/items/8cbf4d6f-45a1-4397-bf45-7906e3435438
Committee on Implementing High-Quality Primary Care, Board on Health Care Services, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Implementing High-Quality Primary Care: Rebuilding the Foundation of Health Care. (McCauley L, Phillips RL, Meisnere M, Robinson SK, eds.). National Academies Press; 2021:25983. doi:10.17226/25983
Watson BN, Estenson L, Eden AR, et al. Person-Centered Care Planning for People Living With or at Risk for Multiple Chronic Conditions. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2439851. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39851
Savitz LA, Bayliss EA. Emerging models of care for individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Health Services Research. 2021;56(S1):980-989. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13774
Izumi S, Mood L, Velk L, et al. Key components of chronic care management programs: qualitative descriptions of care managers’ practice. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025;25(1):1542. doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13788-1
Thornicroft G, Ahuja S, Barber S, et al. Integrated care for people with long-term mental and physical health conditions in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(2):174-186. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30298-0
Funnell MM. Helping patients take charge of their chronic illnesses. Fam Pract Manag. 2000;7(3):47-51.
Holman H. Patients as partners in managing chronic disease. BMJ. 2000;320(7234):526-527. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7234.526
Lyon RK, Slawson J. An organized approach to chronic disease care. Fam Pract Manag. 2011;18(3):27-31.
Pauly K, Hemmingson T. Integrating Lifestyle Medicine into a Primary Care Practice. In: Lifestyle Medicine and the Primary Care Provider. 1st ed. CRC Press; 2025:343-358. doi:10.1201/9781032675794-26
Jonas WB, Stout R. Whole Person Care. In: Lifestyle Medicine and the Primary Care Provider. 1st ed. CRC Press; 2025:13-20. doi:10.1201/9781032675794-3
Stout R, Karlsen M. Lifestyle Medicine in Primary Care. In: Lifestyle Medicine and the Primary Care Provider. 1st ed. CRC Press; 2025:3-12. doi:10.1201/9781032675794-2
Grega ML, Shalz JT, Rosenfeld RM, et al. American College of Lifestyle Medicine Expert Consensus Statement: Lifestyle Medicine for Optimal Outcomes in Primary Care. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2024;18(2):269-293. doi:10.1177/15598276231202970
Marshall S, Patel P, Anand R, et al. Lifestyle Medicine as a Framework for High-Value Care: A Position Statement From the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med. Published online November 12, 2025:15598276251390437. doi:10.1177/15598276251390437
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes, Bajaj M, McCoy RG, et al. 1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Supplement_1):S13-S26. doi:10.2337/dc26-S001
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes, Bajaj M, McCoy RG, et al. 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Supplement_1):S89-S131. doi:10.2337/dc26-S005
Parkinson MD, Stout R, Dysinger W. Lifestyle Medicine. Medical Clinics of North America. 2023;107(6):1109-1120. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2023.06.007
Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan—2022 Update. Endocrine Practice. 2022;28(10):923-1049. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002
Miller C. Integration of Lifestyle Medicine Into Primary Care: A Comprehensive Review. Public Health Rep. Published online January 17, 2026:00333549251403368. doi:10.1177/00333549251403368
About Lifestyle Medicine. American College of Lifestyle Medicine. Accessed February 24, 2026. https://lifestylemedicine.org/about-lifestyle-medicine/
Lippman D, Stump M, Veazey E, et al. Foundations of Lifestyle Medicine and its Evolution. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2024;8(1):97-111. doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.11.004
Mahmoud AM. An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions. IJMS. 2022;23(3):1341. doi:10.3390/ijms23031341
Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition. Inflamm Res. 2021;70(1):29-49. doi:10.1007/s00011-020-01425-y
Mechanick JI, Farkouh ME, Newman JD, Garvey WT. Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease, Addressing Knowledge and Clinical Practice Gaps. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;75(5):539-555. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.046
Pathak N, Mondala M. The Transformative Potential of Lifestyle Medicine. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2022;16(5):555-556. doi:10.1177/15598276221088264
Ma J, Rosas LG, Lv N. Precision Lifestyle Medicine. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016;50(3):395-397. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.035
Cheng AL, Dwivedi ME, Martin A, et al. Predictors of Patient Engagement With an Interprofessional Lifestyle Medicine Program. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. Published online December 23, 2023:15598276231222877. doi:10.1177/15598276231222877
Schwingshackl L, Dias S, Hoffmann G. Impact of long-term lifestyle programmes on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight/obese participants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2014;3(1):130. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-130
Höchsmann C, Dorling JL, Martin CK, et al. Effects of a 2-Year Primary Care Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Cluster-Randomized Trial. Circulation. 2021;143(12):1202-1214. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051328
Elmaleh-Sachs A, Schwartz JL, Bramante CT, Nicklas JM, Gudzune KA, Jay M. Obesity Management in Adults: A Review. JAMA. 2023;330(20):2000. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.19897
Krishnaswami J, Sardana J, Daxini A. Community-Engaged Lifestyle Medicine as a Framework for Health Equity: Principles for Lifestyle Medicine in Low-Resource Settings. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2019;13(5):443-450. doi:10.1177/1559827619838469
Kivimäki M, Frank P. Tackling socioeconomic disparities in multimorbidity. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 2023;32:100689. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100689
Frates B, Kelley J. Lifestyle Medicine: Intensity of Intervention Versus Intensity of Patient Response. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2023;17(3):371-373. doi:10.1177/15598276231158094
Carroll JK, Fiscella K, Cassells A, et al. Theoretical and Pragmatic Adaptation of the 5As Model to Patient-Centered Hypertension Counselling. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 2018;29(3):975-983. doi:10.1353/hpu.2018.0073
Vallis M, Piccinini-Vallis H, Sharma AM, Freedhoff Y. Clinical review: modified 5 As: minimal intervention for obesity counseling in primary care. Can Fam Physician. 2013;59(1):27-31.
Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Després JP, et al. Strategies for Promotion of a Healthy Lifestyle in Clinical Settings: Pillars of Ideal Cardiovascular Health: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(24). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001018
Laddu D, Ma J, Kaar J, et al. Health Behavior Change Programs in Primary Care and Community Practices for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Risk Factor Management Among Midlife and Older Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(24). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001026
Fitzpatrick SL, Wischenka D, Appelhans BM, et al. An Evidence-based Guide for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care. The American Journal of Medicine. 2016;129(1):115.e1-115.e7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.07.015
Brinks J, Fowler A, Franklin BA, Dulai J. Lifestyle Modification in Secondary Prevention: Beyond Pharmacotherapy. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2017;11(2):137-152. doi:10.1177/1559827616651402
Clarke CA, Frates J, Pegg Frates E. Optimizing Lifestyle Medicine Health Care Delivery Through Enhanced Interdisciplinary Education. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2016;10(6):401-405. doi:10.1177/1559827616661694
Collings C. Lifestyle Medicine: Building from the Micro-Level Office Visit to the Health System and Population Health Macro-Level. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;15(6):619-620. doi:10.1177/15598276211036438
Prather H, Fogarty AE, Cheng AL, Wahl G, Hong B, Hunt D. Feasibility of an intensive interprofessional lifestyle medicine program for patients with musculoskeletal conditions in the setting of lifestyle‐related chronic disease. PM&R. 2023;15(1):41-50. doi:10.1002/pmrj.12728
Massar RE, McMacken M, Kwok L, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes from a Pilot Plant-Based Lifestyle Medicine Program in a Safety-Net Setting. Nutrients. 2023;15(13):2857. doi:10.3390/nu15132857
Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451-1462. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Espie CA. The ‘5 principles’ of good sleep health. Journal of Sleep Research. 2022;31(3):e13502. doi:10.1111/jsr.13502
St-Onge MP, Aggarwal B, Fernandez-Mendoza J, et al. Multidimensional Sleep Health: Definitions and Implications for Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2025;18(5). doi:10.1161/HCQ.0000000000000139
Levine GN, Lange RA, Bairey‐Merz CN, et al. Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. JAHA. 2017;6(10):e002218. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.002218
Webster KE, Halicka M, Bowater RJ, et al. Effectiveness of stress management and relaxation interventions for management of hypertension and prehypertension: systematic review and network meta-analysis. bmjmed. 2025;4(1):e001098. doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2024-001098
Stang V, Srivastava S. The Social Prescription: Dispensing Wellness Beyond the Medication. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2024;18(4):483-486. doi:10.1177/15598276241240374
Merlo G, Snellman L, Sugden SG. Connectedness: The Updated and Expanded Pillar of Lifestyle Psychiatry and Lifestyle Medicine. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2025;19(8):1104-1124. doi:10.1177/15598276251345455
Hill K, Batiste CD, Patel P. Lifestyle Medicine Practice Models. In: Lifestyle Medicine and the Primary Care Provider. 1st ed. CRC Press; 2025:373-389. doi:10.1201/9781032675794-28
Coulter A, Entwistle VA, Eccles A, Ryan S, Shepperd S, Perera R. Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long-term health conditions. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Group, ed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015;2015(3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010523.pub2
Ades PA, Keteyian SJ, Balady GJ, et al. Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise and Self-Care for Chronic Heart Failure. JACC: Heart Failure. 2013;1(6):540-547. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2013.09.002
Katon WJ, Lin EHB, Von Korff M, et al. Collaborative Care for Patients with Depression and Chronic Illnesses. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2611-2620. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1003955
Mirsky J, Ezinwa NM, Dubisz M, Mechley A, Nathan A. Lifestyle Medicine Primary Care Practice Models. In: Lifestyle Medicine and the Primary Care Provider. 1st ed. CRC Press; 2025:359-372. doi:10.1201/9781032675794-27
Katon W, Lin EHB, Von Korff M, et al. Integrating depression and chronic disease care among patients with diabetes and/or coronary heart disease: The design of the TEAMcare study. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2010;31(4):312-322. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2010.03.009
White ND, Lenz TL, Skrabal MZ, Skradski JJ, Lipari L. Long-Term Outcomes of a Cardiovascular and Diabetes Risk-Reduction Program Initiated by a Self-Insured Employer. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2018;11(4):177-183.
Ornish D. Avoiding revascularization with lifestyle changes: the multicenter lifestyle demonstration project. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1998;82(10):72-76. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00744-9
Kvarnström K, Airaksinen M, Liira H. Barriers and facilitators to medication adherence: a qualitative study with general practitioners. BMJ Open. 2018;8(1):e015332. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015332
Brown MT, Bussell JK. Medication Adherence: WHO Cares? Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2011;86(4):304-314. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0575
Boehmer KR, Abu Dabrh AM, Gionfriddo MR, Erwin P, Montori VM. Does the chronic care model meet the emerging needs of people living with multimorbidity? A systematic review and thematic synthesis. Virgili G, ed. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(2):e0190852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190852
Ruksakulpiwat S, Pongsuwun K, Junphongsri P, Preeprem C, Nguantad S, Samart B. Nurse‐Led Interventions to Improve Health, Adherence, and Functional Outcomes in Adults and Older Adults With Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Quasiexperimental Studies. Fiorini J, ed. Journal of Nursing Management. 2025;2025(1):6252049. doi:10.1155/jonm/6252049
Hu X, Wang HHX, Li Y, et al. Healthcare needs, experiences and treatment burden in primary care patients with multimorbidity: An evaluation of process of care from patients’ perspectives. Health Expectations. 2022;25(1):203-213. doi:10.1111/hex.13363
Zhang AD, Wolfson EA, Mukamal KJ, Schonberg MA, Landon BE. Treatment Burden Among Older Adults in the United States, 2022. J American Geriatrics Society. 2025;73(9):2757-2767. doi:10.1111/jgs.19603
Zaman SB, Khan RK, Evans RG, Thrift AG, Maddison R, Islam SMS. Exploring Barriers to and Enablers of the Adoption of Information and Communication Technology for the Care of Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: Scoping Review. JMIR Aging. 2022;5(1):e25251. doi:10.2196/25251
Frates B, Ortega HA, Freeman KJ, Co JPT, Bernstein M. Lifestyle Medicine in Medical Education: Maximizing Impact. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes. 2024;8(5):451-474. doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.07.003
Cheng AL, Snider EM, Prather H, Dougherty NL, Wilcher-Roberts M, Hunt DM. Provider-Perceived Value of Interprofessional Team Meetings as a Core Element of a Lifestyle Medicine Program: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of One Center’s Experience. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2024;18(1):95-107. doi:10.1177/15598276221135539
Collings C, Frates EP, Shurney D. The Time is Now For Lifestyle Medicine: Lesson From Lifestyle Medicine Leaders. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2022;16(5):557-561. doi:10.1177/15598276221088807
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Lorenzo de Morais Tomé, Gabrielly Oliveira Cunha Moura Mota, Verônica Santos, Nathalie de Abreu Cardoso Zambrano, Heron de Souza Bomfim, Júlia Carvalho Oliveira, Karyna Eduarda de Souza Lima, Amanda Ximenes C. B. Montenegro, Bruno P. C. Smirmaul

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
O Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina do Estilo de Vida permite que o (s) autor (es) mantenha(m) seus direitos autorais sem restrições. As publicações são licenciadas pela Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License - CC-BY
