Alimentación whole-food plant-based y salud en el contexto de la medicina del estilo de vida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61661/BJLM.2023.v2.86Palabras clave:
ciencias de la nutrición, dieta saludable, estilo de vida, salud, promoción de la saludResumen
La alimentación saludable, uno de los pilares de la medicina del estilo de vida (MEV), es fundamental para una serie de procesos de salud y enfermedad, impactando significativamente en la calidad de vida. A pesar de la importancia de la nutrición para la prevención y promoción de la salud, la educación y capacitación de los profesionales de la salud en general para evaluar, interpretar y asesorar estrategias relacionadas con la alimentación saludable durante la práctica clínica es escasa e insuficiente. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar las principales recomendaciones basadas en evidencia sobre el pilar alimentario en el contexto de MEV, identificando las bases de un patrón de alimentación saludable Whole-Food Plant-Based (WFPB), es decir, compuesto predominantemente por alimentos de origen vegetal e integrales (en forma natural o mínimamente procesados). A través de una revisión de la literatura, la evidencia encontrada indica que, a pesar de la falta de una definición única y común de lo que representa específicamente el patrón alimentario WFPB, el consumo de sus principales grupos de alimentos se asocia con beneficios para la salud, incluyendo la salud cardiovascular, la diabetes tipo 2 y sobrepeso/obesidad. Además, los grupos de alimentos predominantes en la dieta WPPB parecen ser el vínculo común de diferentes patrones de alimentación saludable y directrices y recomendaciones internacionales. Por último, la dieta WFPB, si está bien planificada, parece tener una buena adecuación nutricional, con excepción de la vitamina B12. Se recomienda que los profesionales de la salud en general, y MEV en particular, aprovechen dichos conocimientos basados en la evidencia en el área de alimentación y nutrición para una mejor y más eficaz orientación durante la práctica clínica.
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