Is there support for dietary interventions in psychiatric disorders?

Abstract

Introduction: The functioning and composition of the central nervous system are dependent on the presence of macro and micronutrients. In this sense, studies demonstrate that dietary interventions have positive results in psychiatric symptoms. This fact is related to the influence of nutrients on cognitive functions and brain functioning. Objective: To describe the impact of dietary interventions on psychiatric disorders. Methodology: A literature review was carried out using the keywords “Macronutrients”, “Micronutrients”, “Mental Health” and “Psychiatric Disorders” in the Pubmed and Science Direct databases. Articles from last 10 years, in English and Portuguese, were used. Results: The analysis shows that several pathophysiological mechanisms are influenced by vitamins and minerals in the field of mental health, such as B vitamins, vitamin D, fatty acids, zinc, magnesium, selenium and calcium. Several studies present positive results in individuals with symptoms of psychological disorders, such as depression, ADHD and schizophrenia, who supplemented these nutrients, with supplementation in healthy adults showing subtle benefits for mood and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, additional benefits have been seen from using higher doses, above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that nutrient-based prescription has the potential to assist in the management of psychiatric disorders at both the individual and population levels, including through supplementation with dosages above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).