Impact of mindfulness practices on sleep: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61661/congresso.cbmev.6.2023.10Keywords:
mindfulness, sleepAbstract
Various mindfulness protocols, including mindfulness meditation, yoga and tai chichuan, have demonstrated benefits for improving sleep, quality of life, and reducing stress. In this sense, the present work aimed to survey the main meta-analyses and systematic reviews from 2021 to 2023, to assess whether there is a consensus regarding the proven benefit of these practices. The articles in this review were selected from the Pubmed database, using the keywords “mindfulness AND sleep”. And after being filtered by the type of study and free availability, they culminated in 26. Of these, duplicates and thematic inconsistencies were removed, ending in 20 articles. The subjective improvement in sleep in relation to the use of mindfulness is evidenced by the Pittisburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), applied in approximately 75% of the articles. However, some results are controversial, mainly due to the lack of objective physiological markers of sleep, such as polysomnography, which would increase the level of evidence for these findings. Both due to the high risk of methodological bias, in terms of the subjectivity inherent in the questionnaire used in the vast majority of studies, and due to the small representativeness of the samples, the reliability of the results is compromised. Furthermore, many variants were not considered, such as demographic, gender, age differences, quality control of the practice (although many studies provide data on time and frequency of practice), heterogeneous interventions (meditation, conscious movements, face-to-face, for applications or virtual reality) and environmental aspects that interfered in the final evaluated result. Several scholars also point to the need to, in the future, explore the combination of methods with defined and standardized protocols, so that we can use them to compare different populations. The objective evaluation of these techniques compared to conventional approaches can strengthen the hypothesis that the response to mindfulness-based intervention differs depending on the salutogenic level of the population studied. Therefore, it is also recommended to design methods that can evaluate the responsiveness to intervention of each group of individuals, both healthy from a clinical point of view and lifestyle profile, and with different pathologies.
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